What is the effect of cutting oil on machining accuracy?

Cutting Oil plays a vital role in the metal processing process. It not only affects the surface quality of the processed parts, but is also directly related to the processing accuracy and processing efficiency. This article will discuss in detail the impact of cutting oil on machining accuracy from the aspects of its lubrication, cooling, cutting force reduction, cleaning and anti-rust effects.

1. Lubricant effect of cutting oil

Cutting oil can form a lubricating film between the tool and the workpiece during the cutting process. This lubricating film can effectively reduce friction and wear. In high-speed cutting and heavy-duty cutting, the friction between the tool and the workpiece will generate extremely high heat, leading to accelerated tool wear and reduced machining accuracy. Through lubrication, cutting oil can effectively reduce the friction coefficient, reduce tool wear, and extend the service life of the tool.

In addition, the formation of a lubricating film can also avoid direct contact between the tool and the workpiece, thereby reducing the heat generated by friction and preventing the tool from overheating and deformation or chipping. This not only maintains the stability of the cutting process, but also significantly improves machining accuracy. The better the lubrication performance of the cutting oil, the more stable the lubricating film formed, and the more obvious the improvement in machining accuracy.

2. Cooling effect of cutting oil

During the cutting process, the tool and workpiece will generate a large amount of heat due to friction, causing the temperature to rise. If the heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will cause thermal deformation of the tool and workpiece, seriously affecting the machining accuracy. Cutting oil has good cooling properties and can quickly take away the heat generated during the cutting process, reduce the temperature of the tool and workpiece, and prevent deformation caused by overheating.

Specifically, the cutting oil comes into contact with the tool and workpiece through spraying or immersion, taking the heat away and dispersing it into the surrounding environment. This cooling effect not only protects the tool and workpiece, but also increases the stability of the cutting process. In high-speed cutting and precision machining, the cooling effect of cutting oil is particularly important. By reasonably controlling the flow and temperature of cutting oil, the cutting process can be further optimized and machining accuracy improved.

3. The role of cutting oil in reducing cutting force

Cutting force is the force exerted by the tool on the workpiece during the cutting process. It will cause deformation and vibration of the workpiece, thus affecting the machining accuracy. Cutting oil can effectively reduce the deformation of the workpiece caused by the cutting force by reducing the cutting force during the cutting process. Additives in cutting oil can improve the lubrication properties of the Cutting Fluid, reduce the friction resistance between the tool and the workpiece, thereby reducing cutting forces.

In addition, cutting oil can also form a protective film during the cutting process, reducing the direct contact area between the tool and the workpiece, further reducing cutting forces. The reduction of cutting force not only helps to maintain the shape and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece, but also reduces the vibration and noise of the machine tool and improves the smoothness of the cutting process.

4. Cleaning and anti-rust effects of cutting oil

A large amount of chips and debris will be generated during the cutting process. If these impurities are not removed in time, they will adhere to the surface of the tool and workpiece, affecting the machining accuracy. Cutting oil has good cleaning properties and can wash away the chips and debris generated during the cutting process to keep the machined surface clean. This not only improves the surface quality of the workpiece, but also avoids tool wear and workpiece scratches caused by impurities.

Cutting oil also has anti-rust properties, which can effectively prevent metal products from rusting during processing. The anti-rust agent in cutting oil can form a protective film on the metal surface to isolate water and oxygen in the air and prevent metal corrosion. The anti-rust effect of cutting oil is particularly important in humid and corrosive environments. By rationally selecting cutting oil with excellent anti-rust properties, the quality of machined parts can be protected during processing and storage.

5. Effect of cutting oil performance on machining accuracy

The performance of cutting oil directly determines its impact on machining accuracy. The performance of cutting oil such as lubrication, cooling, cleaning and rust prevention will affect the surface accuracy and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. If the performance of the cutting oil does not meet the process requirements, it will lead to problems such as accelerated tool wear, increased surface roughness of the workpiece, and reduced machining accuracy.

For example, using non-special oils such as rapeseed oil, Machine Oil, and recycled oil as cutting oil will cause problems such as rapid tool wear, scratches and burrs on the workpiece, and yellowing and rust on the machine. Special cutting oil, such as Stainless Steel Cutting Oil, is a metal processing oil based on refined mineral oil and compounded with a variety of special additives such as high-performance sulfurized lard and sulfurized fatty acid ester as the main agent. It has good Lubricity, extreme pressure and anti-wear properties, rust resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance safety, etc.

Therefore, when selecting cutting oil, one should choose cutting oil with excellent performance based on the specific processing materials, cutting conditions and processing requirements. At the same time, the cutting oil should be tested and maintained regularly to ensure that its performance is stable and reliable, thereby ensuring machining accuracy.

6. Conclusion

In summary, cutting oil has a significant impact on machining accuracy during metal processing. Through various functions such as lubrication, cooling, reducing cutting force, cleaning and rust prevention, cutting oil can significantly improve the surface accuracy and dimensional accuracy of machined parts. Therefore, during the metal processing process, cutting oil with excellent performance should be reasonably selected, and the flow, temperature and cleanliness of the cutting oil should be strictly controlled to optimize the cutting process and improve processing accuracy.